
\begin{table}[htbp]
   \caption{\label{tab:mid_base} Fatal MID Initiation in Directed Country Dyads, 1816-2014}
   \centering
   \begin{tabular}{lcccc}
      \tabularnewline \midrule \midrule
      Dependent Variable: & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Fatal MID onset $\times 100$}\\
      Model:                                    & (1)            & (2)            & (3)            & (4)\\  
      \midrule
      \emph{Variables}\\
      Lost home rule \& lost unity              & 0.1339$^{***}$ & 0.1945$^{***}$ & 0.1889$^{***}$ &   \\   
                                                & (0.0234)       & (0.0336)       & (0.0327)       &   \\   
      Lost home rule \& lost unity (post-1816)  &                &                &                & 0.1738$^{***}$\\   
                                                &                &                &                & (0.0268)\\   
      Lost home rule \& lost unity (pre-1816)   &                &                &                & 0.2058$^{**}$\\   
                                                &                &                &                & (0.0732)\\   
      Lost unity only                           & 0.0446         & 0.0562         & 0.0542         &   \\   
                                                & (0.0462)       & (0.0448)       & (0.0426)       &   \\   
      Lost unity only (post-1816)               &                &                &                & 0.0222\\   
                                                &                &                &                & (0.0476)\\   
      Lost unity only (pre-1816)                &                &                &                & 0.0988$^{*}$\\   
                                                &                &                &                & (0.0392)\\   
      \midrule
      \emph{Fixed-effects}\\
      Baseline controls                         & Yes            & Yes            & Yes            & Yes\\  
      Extended controls                         &                &                & Yes            & Yes\\  
      Year                                      & Yes            & Yes            & Yes            & Yes\\  
      Peace year                                & Yes            & Yes            & Yes            & Yes\\  
      State A                                   &                & Yes            & Yes            & Yes\\  
      State B                                   &                & Yes            & Yes            & Yes\\  
      Border duration A                         &                &                & Yes            & Yes\\  
      Border duration B                         &                &                & Yes            & Yes\\  
      \midrule
      \emph{Fit statistics}\\
      Observations                              & 188,210        & 188,210        & 188,210        & 188,210\\  
      \midrule \midrule
      \multicolumn{5}{l}{\emph{Clustered (Directed Dyad ID \& State A \& State B) standard-errors in parentheses}}\\
      \multicolumn{5}{l}{\emph{Signif. Codes: ***: 0.001, **: 0.01, *: 0.05, +: 0.1}}\\
   \end{tabular}
   
   \par \raggedright 
   \parbox[t]{\width=\textwidth}{\textbf{Notes:} OLS estimates of fatal MID iniation. 
           The unit of analysis is the directed country dyad year. 
             Baseline controls: relative territorial size of state A vs. state B; logged absolute size of country B; 
             indicators for whether governing group in A has governing or powerless kin segment in B;   
             dummies for peace and calendar years.  
             Extended controls: logged aggregate group size of governing segments in A and B;
             ethnic fractionalization of countries A and B;
             Share of aggregate group governing in state A located in state B;
             Share of aggregate group governing in state A located in own country;
             conflict history (number of past years with ongoing territorial claims involving A and B);
             time since last border change involving country A or B (FE). 
             Standard errors clustered on dyad, state A, and state B in parentheses.
          Significance codes: ***: 0.001, **: 0.01, *: 0.05, +: 0.1}
\end{table}


